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Ioan al IV-lea Potcoavă (or Ivan Pidkova – Іван Підкова in Ukrainian; also known as Ioan Sarpega, Ioan Creţul, and allegedly baptized as Nicoară Potcoavă; died June 16, 1578) was a prominent Cossack ataman, and Voivode (Prince) of Moldavia (November – December 1577). His moniker ("''potcoavă''" in Romanian/"''pidkova''" in Ukrainian – "horseshoe") is said to originate in the fact that he used to ride his stallions to the point of breaking off their horseshoes; another version says that he could break and unbend both horseshoes and coins with his fists. ==Ataman of the Cossacks== After rising to prominence as a successful soldier, he became a leader (ataman) and the sworn brother of Hetman Yakiv Shah, elected by the Cossacks of the Registered Zaporozhian Host from Ukraine neighbouring Moldavia〔Firov. Hetmans of Ukrainian Cossacks. Sevastopol, 2005. П. Т. ФИРОВ Г Е Т М А Н Ы У К Р А И Н С К О Г О К А З А Ч Е С Т В А Биографические справки Севастополь 2005〕 Pidkova's Romanian descent does not appear to have been uncommon; Stefan Batory, the Prince of Transylvania and the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, among whose subjects Cossacks were and who organized registered Cossacks in regiments, stated that: :''"The lands between the Bug and Dniester are populated by a mix of races composed of Lithuanian Poles, Muscovites and Romanians. The Cossacks are raised from the Muscovites and Romanians"''.〔Ion Nistor, ''Basarabia'', 10/1990, p.159.〕 (Though Batory mentioned Romanians as nationality, not ethnicity. Both Romanians and Ruthenians inhabited Moldavia. In 1574, Ioan Vodă cel Cumplit, whose brother Pidkova claimed to be, had named the territory ''"Our Country from over the Dniester"''. Other Moldavian Atamans and Hetmans of the Cossacks were Grigore Lobodă (''Hryhoriy Loboda''; 1593–1596) and Dănilă Apostol (''Danylo Apostol''; 1727–1734). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ioan Potcoavă」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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